Earthquakes and plate tectonics earthquakes and plate tectonics. Plate tectonics and earthquakes the distribution and properties of plates and the motions at different kinds of. The outermost layer of the earth is called the crust and it is broken into large pieces called tectonic plates. I also organized a few teacher notes on plate tectonics to help guide class discussions today. The theory of plate tectonics links earths internal processes to the distribution of continents and oceans.
Plates move at a rate of a few centimeters a year, about the same rate fingernails grow. In 1967, mckenzie and parker suggested the theory of plate tectonics. Have students plot several of the points on their maps as many as time allows. Our earth is a dynamic planet, as clearly illustrated on the main map by its topography, over 1,500 volcanoes, 44,000 earthquakes, and 170 impact craters. Earthquake locations if you look at a map of earthquakes, youll see that most occur in wellknown belts. The depths of earthquakes, and the width of the band, depend on the type of plate boundary. These huge pieces of earths surface slowly move at about the speed that your fingernails grow. Earthquake mechanism and plate tectonics in the himalayan region.
Thus, we can predict the general regions on the earths surface where we can expect large earthquakes in the future. Plate tectonics information and facts national geographic. Point of interest can you see the southern alps on the map. Large plate puzzle pdf cut a large world map into puzzle pieces along plate boundaries. The tectonic plates are always slowly moving, but they get stuck at their edges due to friction. However, this is a cover page and i want you to be creative and imaginative. This plate motion causes them to collide, pull apart, or scrape against each other.
Gcse geography tectonic plates, volcanoes and earthquakes. Friction between the plates keeps them from sliding. The theory has caused a revolution in the way we think about the earth. Notes on plate tectonics plate tectonics states that the earths crust and upper mantle are broken into sections, called plates. Pdf plate tectonics and great earthquakes download full.
Plate tectonics how earthquakes work howstuffworks. The plate tectonics gizmo shows a crosssection, or side view, of earth. A single plate can be made of all oceanic lithosphere or all continental lithosphere, but nearly all plates are made of a combination of both. For details on the specific effects of plate tectonics, see the articles earthquake and volcano. Mar 21, 2020 plate tectonics, theory dealing with the dynamics of earths outer shell that revolutionized earth sciences by providing a uniform context for understanding mountainbuilding processes, volcanoes, and earthquakes as well as the evolution of earths surface and reconstructing its past continents and oceans. Seismicity at the divergent plate boundaries or spreading submarine ridges and rises tends to be a shallow. This damage and the strength of the surface waves are reduced in earthquakes where the focus is deep underground. The guide contains links to totle introduction to plate tectonics and earthquakes teaching resources and a table of contents of teaching resources on this topic. Youll learn why earthquakes happen, how theyve shaped the bay area, and what you can do to prepare for the next one. Movement of the plates over earths surface is termed plate tectonics.
Earthquakes the kansas geological survey the university of. We examine the closure of the current plate motion circuit between the african, north ameri. Here, the indoaustralian plate is colliding with the eurasian plate and has done so for millions of years. As two adjacent plates move across the asthenosphere, they either collide, slide past another, or separate. How seismic waves can be used to locate the origin epicenter of earthquakes. Where these plates come together earthquakes occur. The theory, called plate tectonics, is that the earths crust, or lithosphere, comprises many plates that slide over a lubricating asthenosphere layer. The plates are mobile, moving in constant, slow motion measured in rates of centimeters per year. Earthquakes and plate tectonics geosciences libretexts. When the frictional strain is overcome, the ground suddenly snaps along faults and fractures releasing energy as earthquakes. This guide is an outline of the plate tectonic and earthquake seismology powerpoint presentations.
Earthquake epicenter introduction history nothing can strike fear in the hearts of people quite like a natural disaster. Plate tectonics and earthquakes plate tectonics earthquakes. Earthquakes and plate tectonics flashcards quizlet. For your gcse, you are expected to know how this theory explains how the natural hazards of volcanoes and earthquakes occur as well as understanding how humans deal with them. One reason for the difference in earthquake distribution in continental rift zones is that the rifts are only beginning to form. Be able to describe the general distribution of fold mountains, volcanoes and earthquakes be able to explain how the distribution of fold mountains, volcanoes and earthquakes is related to movements at plate boundaries. Midocean ridges and transform margins have shallow earthquakes usually less than 30 km deep, in narrow bands close to plate margins. At plate boundaries, plates collide, move apart, move under or over each other, or slide past one another. Each activity can be used in classrooms, museums, and other educational settings. According to the theory of plate tectonics, earth is an active planet. Fault plane solutions of earthquakes on the nazca plate boundaries. How do earthquakes and volcanoes line up with tectonic boundaries. Active tectonics of the adriatic region from gps and earthquake slip.
With detailed diagrams outlining the structure of continental and oceanic crust and the distribution of major plate motion, this book introduces. Read and learn for free about the following article. Mechanisms for largescale processes such as the formation of mountain ranges were put down to vague earth forces. In a lively and lucid manner, it brings together a great deal of material in spherical trigonometry that is necessary to understand plate tectonics and the research literature written about it. Continental drift, sea floor spreading and plate tectonics. Most earthquakes form part of a sequence, related to each other in terms of location and time. Mantle convection and plate tectonics khan academy. Most volcanoes and earthquakes are caused by the motion and interaction of earths plates. Scientists now have a fairly good understanding of how the plates move and how such movements relate to earthquake activity.
Plate tectonics summary the earth is made up of 3 main layers core, mantle, crust on the surface of the earth are tectonic plates that slowly move around the globe plates are made of crust and upper mantle lithosphere there are 2 types of plate there are 3 types of plate boundaries volcanoes and earthquakes are closely. This gives a map version of plate tectonics for the students to get as well. In this interactive activity produced for teachers domain with images from nasa, see the relationship between. Here are a few nice usgs maps that might be useful.
Download plate tectonics volcanoes and earthquakes pdf ebookplate tectonics volcanoes and earthquakes plate tectonics. Adult patients with immune thrombocytopenia itp who have. Most earthquake clusters consist of small tremors that cause little to no damage, but there is a theory that earthquakes can recur in a regular pattern. Plate tectonics is a book of exercises and background information that introduces and demonstrates the basics of the subject. This plate tectonics unit will get your kids involved in the learning, and asking great questions about how the world works. Seven focalmechanism solutions are obtained for earthquakes in the kashmir, tibet and nepal regions of the himalaya from pwave firstmotion directions. You can find all the large earthquakes from the past seven days here and the smaller earthquakes here.
Earthquakes and tectonic plates lesson plan template and teaching resources. According to the generally accepted plate tectonics theory, scientists believe that earths surface is broken into a number of shifting slabs or plates, which average about 50 miles in thickness. Plates are composed of the crust and a part of the upper mantle, these two parts together are called the lithosphere. Slip on faults that define the plate boundaries commonly results in earthquakes.
Aug 18, 2014 far underneath the ground we walk on, the earth is covered with tectonic plates. When the stress on the edge overcomes the friction, there is an earthquake that releases energy in waves that travel through the earths crust and cause the shaking that we feel in california there are two plates the pacific plate and the. Thirteen new and fourteen published earthquake fault plane solutions are used to examine the. Plate tectonics and earthquakes test proprofs quiz. It was soon realized, from earthquake distribution, that plate boundaries in oceans are generally very sharp and well defined in contrast to. Plate tectonics describes the distribution and motion of the plates. Plate tectonics is the reason earthquakes in, say, wisconsin are not as felt or as damaging as an earthquake in, say, californiabecause wisconsin is at the center of a plate, and california is at the convulsion of two plates. The layer below the lithosphere is the asthenosphere.
The map is an attractive display of plate tectonic features such earthquake epicenters, the locations of volcanoes. Regents questions here are regents questions for plate tectonics. It is a measure of the distance a fault moved and the force required to move it. Hands on science plate tectonics unit for elementary see more. If youre behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains. Earthquakes, volcanoes, and plate tectonics explain how the locations of volcanoes and earthquake epicenters are related to tectonic plate boundaries. Rather than memorizing where they are, lets collect some data. While any of these three faults can produce extensive damage on land, the reverse fault is the source of most tsunamis. With new techniques of more accurate earthquake epicenter locations. How are the tectonic plates related to earthquakes and volcanoes. Plate tectonics and earthquakes the flat earth society. Earths geography has changed through time and continues to change today.
There are a few handfuls of major plates and dozens of smaller, or minor, plates. Volcanoes and earthquakes both result from the movement of tectonic plates. Explain how heat within earth causes earths plates to move. It is relatively easy to see the relationships between earthquakes and the plate boundaries. Six of the majors are named for the continents embedded within them, such. The scale by which earthquakes are rated is called the moment magnitude scale m w.
A 100point test to determine your understanding of plate tectonics and earthquakes. Jan 28, 2011 with the advent of plate tectonics, its become apparent that episodes of extreme geologic upheavallike earthquakesare much more than simply random events. We know that each year about 140 earthquakes of magnitude 6. Plate tectonics is the surface manifestation of mantle convection, but the large contrast in viscosities between the lithosphere and the deeper mantle leads to departures from a simple boiling pot analogy. The activities can be done at any time in the weeks leading up to the shakeout drill.
Try to place some named examples as accurately as you can. These features largely reflect the movements of earths major tectonic plates and many smaller plates or fragments of plates including microplates. Tectonic plates, volcanoes and earthquakes science learning hub. Since the development of the theory, geologists have had to reexamine almost every aspect of. The key principle of plate tectonics is that the lithosphere exists as separate and distinct tectonic plates, which ride on the. Learn what you can do to prepare for an earthquake before, during, and after. Plate tectonics earthquakes volcanoes graphic organizer bundle. Plate tectonics, theory dealing with the dynamics of earths outer shell that revolutionized earth sciences by providing a uniform context for understanding mountainbuilding processes, volcanoes, and earthquakes as well as the evolution of earths surface. According to the theory of plate tectonics, the earths lithosphere is broken into distinct plates which are. A pdf guide to plate tectonics and earthquakes is also available. Pdf to investigate the kinematics of the adriatic region, we integrate continuous and episodic gps measurements with mw 4.
Graymer summary and introduction on april 18, 1906, the san francisco bay region was rocked by one of the most significant earthquakes in history. Each type of interaction causes a characteristic set of earth structures or tectonic features. Earthquakes occur at the following three kinds of plate boundary. How do tectonic plates cause earthquakes and volcanoes. Nplate is a thrombopoietin receptor agonist indicated for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in. These three fold out books require no scissors or cutting and can be used in an interactive notebook or as a stand alone activity. Tectonic plates or huge slabs of solid rocks separate, collide, and slide past each other causing earthquakes, feeding volcanic eruptions, and raising mountains.
Map of major tectonic plates and select great earthquakes. At these margins we get fold mountains two continental plates collide and earthquake activity, and a fantastic example of this is the himalayan mountains. Scientists now have a fairly good understanding of how the plates. What is happening to make them a little taller every year. I copied the maps onto transparencies and created a lab where students ultimately overlaid the transparencies to compare and contrast the locations of earthquakes, volcanoes, and plate boundaries. Plate tectonics completely overturned the orthodoxy that came before it, because not only did it explain a vast collection of new data the old theories couldnt explain, it was a much simpler explanation for the old observations as well. The 2 plates crumple into one another and fold upwards into fold mountains. These plates sometimes crash into each other, at other times they move away from each other.
The number of tectonic plates on earth described in the literature has expanded greatly. Learn more about the major tectonic plates and their motion. Not at a plate margin few earthquakes, rare volcanism examples center of continental u. By looking at each you can see a positive correlation between all three. This movement of crust and continents is called plate tectonics. The presentday number of tectonic plates springerlink. Free download re s o u r c e s fe at u r e d in t h e plate te c t o nci po w e r poni t. Plate tectonics shape and shake british columbia earthquakes. The distribution of earthquakes in the area of the indiaeurasia plate boundary is shown in figure \\pageindex4\. Use acrobat guide to plate tectonics and earthquakes reader. An earthquake is caused by a sudden slip on a fault.
Aug 15, 2010 the devastation wrought by earthquakes and volcanoes often obscures the fact that these destructive forces are also some of the most creative on the planet, birthing planets and other landforms. The theory of plate tectonics revolutionized geology in the 1960s. Use acrobat reader to view this pdf with active inks. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Key plate tectonics terminology earthquakes and volcanoes. The earths crust is divided into plates which are moved in various directions. The structure of the earth, plate tectonics and landforms. Before this, geology had been a descriptive science. Earthquakesplate tectonics wikibooks, open books for an. Answer all questions clearly and completely, and show your work for partial credit. Class presentation on plate tectonics and earthquakes. Plate tectonics and earthquakes earth, space science, plate. The movement of tectonic plates causes earthquakes when two plates that are in contact with each other move in opposite directions and release builtup stress. You will recall from a previous chapter that there are three.
Plate tectonics earthquakes very fun and interactive. This supports the idea that plate movement causes earthquakes. The strength of the earthquake depends on the amount of stress released. Most of the worlds earthquakes and volcanoes are found at or near the boundary between two tectonic plates. This is a continentcontinent convergent boundary, and it is generally assumed that although the india plate continues to move north toward the asia plate. Earthquakes often occur where tectonic plates come together at a convergent boundary, where tectonic plates move apart at a divergent boundary, and where tectonic plates grind past each other, called a transform boundary. Understanding earthquakes brief history of seismology to 1910, earthquake and plate tectonic quizzes, earthquake accounts by famous people, elastic rebound animation, and links to addition resources. A few solutions that disagree with these inferred directions of plate motion corroborate the independent.
These plates move relative to one another above a hotter, deeper, more mobile zone at average rates as great as a few inches per year. Plate tectonics is the reason earthquakes happenwhen the plates move too fast, an earthquake happens. How does the movement of tectonic plates cause earthquakes. The theory of plate tectonics describes how the plates move, interact, and change the physical landscape. Pdf earthquake mechanism and plate tectonics in the. The awesome power unleashed by a hurricane, tornado, volcano, or earthquake can cause large losses in life and property. Earthquakes free download as powerpoint presentation. Its surface is composed of many individual plates that move and interact, constantly changing and reshaping earths outer layer.
Plate tectonics interactive notebook fold out books looking for some easy to use interactive notebook templates for volcanoes, earthquakes and plate boundaries. Investigating the patterns produced by volcanoes and earthquakes. The earths plates jostle about in fits and starts that are punctuated with earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. What is an earthquake and what causes them to happen. Note that if desired, you can get the coordinates of actual recent earthquakes directly from the usgs website instead of using the worksheet. Mantle convection and plate tectonics if youre seeing this message, it means were having trouble loading external resources on our website. This led to the development of the theory of plate tectonics and we now take these ideas for granted. The worlds largest earthquakes occur in subduction zones, like the march 2011 magnitude 9. Contains four of my popular graphic organizers to work with a tectonics unit.
Ive started a video playing thats recording earthquakes and eruptions since 1960. Earthquake mechanism and plate tectonics in the himalayan region article pdf available in tectonophysics 2112. Continental drift, sea floor spreading and plate tectonics plate tectonics is a theory developed in the late 1960s, to explain how the outer layers of the earth move and deform. A measure of earthquake size, determined by taking the common logarithm base 10 of the largest ground motion observed during the arrival of a p.
Plate motions range up to a typical 1040 mma midatlantic ridge. Using the tectonic outline map, create a cover page with drawing of volcanoes and hazards. To show where major earthquakes have been because of plate tectonics. Tectonic plates reading material grades 68 printable. The study of how these plates move and interact and the consequences thereof is called plate tectonics from the greek word, tekton, which means. Finding the epicenter the epicenter of an earthquake is determined by triangulation. Earthquake summary posters for significant earthquakes. Pacific belt also called the rim of fire follows the rim of the pacific ocean and hosts over 80 percent of the worlds shallow and medium.
Partner content american museum of natural history earthquakes and volcanoes plate tectonics. Plate tectonics is the theory supported by a wide range of evidence that considers the earths crust and upper mantle to be composed of several large, thin, relatively rigid plates that move relative to one another. Earthquakes and volcanoes often happen where the pieces meet. This interactive relief and bathymetric map reveals tectonic plates, as well as worldwide earthquakes and volcanoes. In this activity, students will demonstrate the differences between types of seismic waves and learn how to interpret seismic data using triangulation. Plate tectonics interactive notebook volcanoes, earthquakes. Along divergent boundaries like the midatlantic ridge and the. Chase cg 1972 the n plate problem of plate tectonics. I prepared for todays lesson by projecting and tracing the following document plate tectonics template on a large bulletin board paper. North america plate motion circuit and tectonics of the gloria fault. The theory of plate tectonics grew out of earlier hypotheses and observations collected during exploration of the rocks of the ocean floor. Finding plates by plotting quakes this activity is one of several in a basic curriculum designed to increase student knowledge about earthquake science and preparedness. Earth systems unitlayers of earth tectonic plates faults, folds, mountains, volcanoes, earthquakesthis only covers the first two sections 6. Every time an earthquake happens, a dot appears, and every time a volcano erupts, a triangle appears.
Plate tectonics volcanoes and earthquakes pdf free download. Plate tectonics it was from the continental drift theory, convection current theory and the theory of seafloor spreading, the theory of plate tectonics was formulated. Introduction to plate tectonics and earthquakes lesson plans. Tectonic plates, earthquakes, and volcanoes pbs learningmedia. Plate tectonics and earthquakes the distribution and properties of plates and the motions at different kinds of plate boundaries explain globalscale patterns of earthquakes and volcanoes. Plate tectonics reveals that the lithosphere is divided into eight major pieces plates with several smaller plates fig. Plate tectonics and earthquakes free download as powerpoint presentation.
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